Chemical Name
Description
Remarks
500
Sodium Carbonate/Sodium Bicarbonate/Baking Soda
Mineral Salt
Synthetically prepared. May also be manufactured by the Solvay process or electrolytically from sea water
501
Potassium Carbonate/Potassium Hydrogen Carbonate
Mineral Salt
Prepared by saturating a concentrated solution of potassium carbonate with carbon dioxide
503
Ammonium Bicarbonate/Ammonium Hydrogen Carbonate
Mineral Salt
Prepared by passing excess carbon dioxide through concentrated ammonia water
504
Magnesium Carbonate
Mineral Salt
May be prepared by mixing boiling concentrated solutions of magnesium sulphate and sodium carbonate
507
Hydrochloric Acid
Food Acid
Industrially produced by the reaction of sodium chloride and sulphuric acid
508
Potassium Chloride
Salt Substitute
Naturally occurs as a saline residue associated with rock salt
509
Calcium Chloride
Mineral Salt
Obtained as a by-product of the Solvay process and is also a product from natural salt brines
510
Ammonium Chloride
Flour Treatment Agent
Synthetically prepared
511
Magnesium Chloride
Firming Agent
Prepared from magnesium ammonium chloride hexahydrate, in the presence of hydrochloric acid
513
Sulphuric Acid
Food Acid
Commercially prepared by the 'contact' or 'chamber' process
514
Sodium Sulphate
Diluent
Naturally occurring
515
Potassium Sulphate
Salt Substitute
Naturally occurring
516
Calcium Sulphate
Flour Treatment Agent
Naturally occurring
518
Magnesium Sulphate
Dietary Supplement/ Firming Agent
Naturally occurring
519
Cupric Sulphate/Copper Sulphate
Preservative/ Colour Fixative
Industrially prepared by spraying hot dilute sulphuric acid on to scrap copper in a lead-lined tower
524
Sodium Hydroxide
Neutralising Agent
Prepared by electrolysis from brine, or precipitated from sodium carbonate and lime solution
525
Potassium Hydroxide
Oxidising Agent
Industrially prepared by electrolysis of potassium chloride
526
Calcium Hydroxide
Neutralising Agent
Prepared by the hydration of lime
527
Ammonium Hydroxide
Alkali
Prepared from ammonia gas
528
Magnesium Hydroxide
Alkali
Commercially prepared from magnesite ores
529
Calcium Oxide
Alkali
Prepared from limestone
530
Magnesium Oxide
Alkali
Commercially prepared from magnesite ores
535
Sodium Ferrocyanide
Anticaking Agent
Synthetically produced
536
Potassium Ferrocyanide
Anticaking Agent
Commercially prepared as a by-product in the purification of coal gas
540
Dicalcium Diphosphate
Buffer
Naturally occurring mineral. May also be synthetically produced
541
Sodium Aluminium Phosphate
Aerator/ Emulsifying Salt
Prepared from phosphoric acid (E338)
542
Edible Bone Phosphate/Bone Meal *
Anticaking Agent
Extract from animal bones
544
Calcium Polyphosphates *
Emulsifying Salt
Calcium salts of polyphosphoric acid
545
Ammonium Polyphosphates
Emulsifying Salt
Ammonium salts of polyphosphoric acid
551
Silicon Dioxide/Silica Salt
Anticaking Agent
Rock-forming mineral and sand which is composed mainly of quartz or flint
552
Calcium Silicate
Anticaking Agent
Commercially prepared from lime and diatomaceous earth
553a
Magnesium Silicate/Magnesium Trisilicate
Anticaking Agent
Synthetic compound of magnesium oxide and silicon dioxide. May also be prepared from sodium silicate and magnesium sulphate
553b
Talc
Anticaking Agent
Naturally occurring mineral
554
Aluminium Sodium Silicate/Sodium Aluminosilicate
Anticaking Agent
Prepared synthetically from quartz and gibbsite
556
Aluminium Calcium Silicate
Anticaking Agent
Naturally occurring mineral
558
Bentonite
Anticaking Agent
Naturally occurring
559
Kaolin
Anticaking Agent
Naturally occurring
570
Stearic Acid *
Anticaking Agent
Naturally occurring fatty acid found in all animal fats and vegetable oils. May be prepared synthetically for commercial use
572
Magnesium Stearate *
Anticaking Agent
Magnesium salt of stearic acid (E570)
575
Glucono Delta-Lactone *
Sequestrant
Prepared by the oxidation of glucose
576
Sodium Gluconate
Sequestrant
Sodium salt of gluconic acid
577
Potassium Gluconate
Sequestrant
Potassium salt of gluconic acid
578
Calcium Gluconate
Sequestrant
Calcium salt of gluconic acid
579
Ferrous Gluconate
Colouring/ Flavouring
Prepared from barium gluconate and ferrous sulphate
620
L-Glutamic Acid *
Flavour Enhancer
Commercially prepared by the fermentation of carbohydrate by a bacterium e.g. Micrococcus glutamicus
621
Monosodium Glutamate/MSG *
Flavour Enhancer
Sodium salt of glutamic acid (E620)
622
Monopotassium Glutamate *
Flavour Enhancer
Potassium salt of glutamic acid (E620)
623
Calcium Glutamate *
Flavour Enhancer
Calcium salt of glutamic acid (E620)
627
Disodium Guanylate *
Flavour Enhancer
Sodium salt of guanylic acid, a widely occurring nucleotide found in yeast extract and sardines. May be synthetically prepared from commercial use
631
Disodium Inosinate *
Flavour Enhancer
Sodium salt of inosinic acid, found in meat extract and sardines
635
Sodium 5'-Ribonucleotide *
Flavour Enhancer
Mixture of disodium guanylate (E627) and disodium inosinate (E631)
636
Maltol
Flavour Enhancer
Occurs naturally in the bark of larch trees, pine needles and roasted malt. May also be obtained by the alkaline hydrolysis of streptomycin salt
637
Ethyl Maltol
Flavour Enhancer
Prepared from maltol (E636)
900
Dimethylpolysiloxane/Dimethicone
Antifoaming Agent
A mixture of liquid dimethylpolysiloxane and silicon gel or silicon dioxide
901
Beeswax *
Glazing Agent
Naturally occurring from bee honeycomb. White beewax is bleached and purified
903
Carnauba Wax
Glazing Agent
Obtained from the surface of leaves of Copernicia cerifera, a Brazilian wax palm
904
Shellac *
Glazing Agent
Obtained from the resin produced by lac insect (Laccifer lacca)
905
Mineral Oil/Petrolatum
Glazing Agent
Derived from petroleum
907
Refined Microcrystalline Wax
Glazing Agent
Derived from petroleum
920
L-Cysteine Hydrochloride *
Flour Treatment Agent
Manufactured from animal hair and chicken feathers
924
Potassium Bromate
Flour Treatment Agent
Synthetically produced
925
Chlorine
Preservative/ Bleaching Agent
Commercially produced by electrolysis
926
Chlorine Dioxide
Bleaching Agent/ Improving Agent
Synthetically prepared
927
Azodicarbonamide/Azoformamide
Improving Agent
Synthetically prepared
928
Benzoyl Peroxide/Dibenzoyl Peroxide
Bleaching Agent
Synthetically prepared
931
Nitrogen
Propellant
Industrially produced by the reduction of ammonia or by the fractional distillation of liquid air
932
Nitrous Oxide
Propellant
Industrially produced by the thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate
950
Acesulphame Potassium/Sunett
Artificial Sweetener
Potassium salt of 6-methyl-1,2,3-oxathiazin-4(3H)-1,2,2-dioxide
951
Aspartame/Nutrasweet *
Artificial Sweetener
Commercially produced by combining two amino acids together, namely L-phenylalanine and L-aspartic acid
952
Cyclamic and its Calcium and Sodium Salts
Artificial Sweetener
Manufactured by many different methods
954
Saccharin and its Calcium and Sodium Salts
Artificial Sweetener
Manufactured by many different methods
957
Thaumatin
Artificial Sweetener
Derived from an African plant called Thaumococcus danielli
965
Hydrogenated Glucose Syrup *
Humectant
Derived from starches, which originate from many different sources, and broken down by enzymes and water to form glucose, oligosaccharides, followed by maltitol and sorbitol (E420)
967
Xylitol
Sweetener
Commercially produced as a waste product of the pulp industry
1200
Polydextrose *
Miscellaneous
Manufactured from glucose, citric acid and sorbitol
1201
Polyvinylpyrrolidone
Miscellaneous
Commercially produced from acetylene, hydrogen, formaldehyde and ammonia
1202
Polyvinyl Polypyrrolidone
Miscellaneous
It is the insolule form of polyvinylpyrrolidone (E1201)
1400
Dextrin
Thickener
May be produced by the dry heating of unmodified starch or in the presence of acids and buffers. Starches used are mainly from corn (maize) and tapioca
1403
Bleached Starch
Thickener
May be obtained by treating native starch with various chemicals including hydrogen peroxide, sodium chlorite or sulphur dioxide
1404
Oxidised Starch
Thickener
Produced by treating native starch with sodium hypochlorite
1405
Enzyme-treated Starch *
Thickener
Produced by subjecting corn starch to acid-enzyme treatment to yield glucose, maltose and higher oligosaccharides
1410
Monostarch Phosphate
Thickener
Produced by the esterification of native starch with orthophosphoric acid, sodium or potassium orthophosphate, or sodium tripolyphosphate
1412
Distarch Phosphate
Thickener
Produced by the esterification of native starch with sodium trimetaphosphate or phosphorus oxychloride
1413
Phosphated Distarch Phosphate
Thickener
Produced by the esterification of native starch with phosphate, and dually stabilised with a 'monosubstituent group' of phosphate
1414
Acetylated Distarch Phosphate
Thickener
Produced by the esterification of native starch with sodium trimetaphosphate or phosphorus oxychloride, and stabilised with a 'monosubstituent group' of acetate
1420
Starch Acetate Esterified with Acetic Anhydride
Thickener
Produced by the esterification of native starch with a mixed anhydride of adipic and acetic anhydride, and stabilised with a 'monosubstituent group' of acetate
1421
Starch Acetate Esterified with Vinyl Acetate
Thickener
Produced by the esterification of native starch with monosubstituent groups of vinyl acetate
1422
Acetylated Distarch Adipate
Thickener
Produced by the esterification of native starch with a mixed anhydride of adipic and acetic anhydride
1440
Hydroxypropyl Starch
Thickener
Produced by treating native starch with the hydroxypropyl group
1442
Hydroxypropyl Distarch Phosphate
Thickener
Produced by the esterification of native starch with phosphate, and stabilised with a monosubstituent hydroxyl group
1450
Starch, Sodium Octenylsuccinate
Thickener
Produced by treating native starch with an octenylsuccinate half ester monosubstituent group
1505
Triethyl Citrate/Ethyl Citrate
Miscellaneous
Bitter oily liquid which is soluble in water and can be mixed with alcohol
1510
Ethyl Alcohol/Ethanol *
Miscellaneous
Produced by the fermentation of carbohydrates. May also be obtained from ethylene, acetylene or liquors from waste sulphites. Other manufacturing process includes hydrolysis of ethyl sulphate or by the oxidation of methane
1518
Triacetin/Glycerol Triacetate *
Miscellaneous
Produced by the acetylation of glycerol
1520
Propylene Glycol *
Miscellaneous
Commercially produced from propylene, or by heating glycerol with sodium hydroxide, or by reacting propylene oxide with water
Halal or Haram - find the source
Syubhah/Doubtful (either by way of its source or manufacturing process)
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