Chemical Name
Description
Remarks
100
Curcumin (C.I. 75300)
Colouring
Orange-yellow colouring extracted from the rhizome of a plant of the ginger family called Curcuma longa (turmeric)
101
Riboflavin/Lactofavin/Vitamin B2 *
Colouring/ Vitamin
Yellow or orange-yellow colouring manufactured from yeast or other fermenting organisms. May also be synthesised from xylene, ribose or alloxan
102
Tartrazine/FD&C Yellow 5 (C.I. 19140)
Colouring
Synthetic yellow colouring
104
Quinoline Yellow (C.I. 47005)
Colouring
Synthetic dull yellow colouring
107
Yellow 2G (C.I. 18965)
Colouring
Synthetic yellow colouring
110
Sunset Yellow FCF/FD&C Yellow 6 (C.I. 15985)
Colouring
Synthetic yellow colouring
120
Cochineal/Carminic acid/Carmines (C.I. 75470) *
Colouring
Natural red colouring which may be extracted from the bodies of female insects called Dactilopius coccus
122
Carmoisine/Azorubine (C.I. 14720)
Colouring
Synthetic red colouring
123
Amaranth/FD&C Red 2 (C.I. 16185)
Colouring
Synthetic purplish red colouring
124
Ponceau 4R/Cochineal Red A (C.I. 16255)
Colouring
Synthetic red colouring
127
Erythrosine/FD&C Red 3 (C.I. 45430)
Colouring
Synthetic cherry pink to red colouring
128
Red 2G (C.I. 18050)
Colouring
Synthetic red colouring
129
Allura Red AC/Food Red 17/FD&C Red 40 (C.I. 16035)
Colouring
Synthetic red colouring
131
Patent Blue V (C.I. 42051)
Colouring
Synthetic dark bluish-violet colour
132
Indigo Carmine/Indigotine/FD&C Blue 2 (C.I. 73015)
Colouring
Synthetic blue colouring
133
Brilliant Blue FCF/FD&C Blue 1 (C.I. 42090)
Colouring
Synthetic blue colouring
140
Chlorophyll (C.I. 75810) *
Colouring
Natural olive to dark green colouring found in many plants. Solvents such as ethanol are used in the extraction of chlorophyll
141
Copper Complexes of Chlorophyll (C.I. 75810) *
Colouring
Olive-green colouring which is derived from the substitution of magnesium ion in chlorophyll with copper
142
Green S/Acid Brilliant Green BS/Food green S/Lissamine green (C.I 44090)
Colouring
Synthetic green colouring
150
Caramel
Colouring
Dark brown colouring prepared by the controlled heat treatment of carbohydrates (e.g. glucose syrup, sucrose)
151
Brilliant Black BN (C.I. 28440)
Colouring
Synthetic black colouring
153
Carbon Black/Vegetable Carbon *
Colouring
Black colouring which may be prepared from animal charcoal or vegetable sources. The commercial source is mainly from plant material
154
Brown FK/Food Brown
Colouring
Synthetic brown colouring
155
Brown HT/Chocolate Brown HT (C.I. 20285)
Colouring
Synthetic brown colouring
160a
Alpha-/Beta-/Gamma-Carotene (C.I. 75130) *
Colouring
Orange-yellow colouring which is naturally found in many plants including in carrots. May be commercially synthesised in the laboratory
160b
Annatto/Bixin/Norbixin (C.I. 75120) *
Colouring
Yellow to peach colouring naturally found in the pericarp (seed coat) of the Annato tree. May be extracted by means of water-soluble or oil-soluble methods
160c
Capsanthin/Capsorubin/Paprika extract *
Colouring
Red to orange colouring prepared by solvent extraction of the fruit pods and seeds of Capsicum
annuum
160dLycopene (C.I. 75125) *
Colouring
Natural red colouring extracted from tomatoes
160e
Beta-apo-8'-carotenal/Beta-8’-apocarotenal *
Colouring
Synthetic orange to yellowish-red colouring
160f
Ethyl ester of Beta-apo-8-carotenoic acid *
Colouring
Synthetic orange to yellow colouring
161a
Flavoxanthin *
Colouring
Yellow colouring which is a derivative of carotene (E160a). May contain other substances such as oils and fats derived from the source material
161b
Lutein *
Colouring
Natural yellow to reddish colouring taken from plant extract. May also be obtained from the same source as chlorophyll (E140)
161c
Cryptoxanthin *
Colouring
Yellow colouring present in plants, orange rind, egg yolk and butter
161d
Rubixanthin *
Colouring
Yellow colouring present in rosehips
161e
Violaxanthin *
Colouring
Yellow colouring taken from plants e.g. yellow pansies
161f
Rhodoxanthin *
Colouring
Yellow colouring found in the seeds of the yew tree
161g
Canthaxanthin (C.I. 40850) *
Colouring
Orange colouring isolated from some mushrooms. May be commercially produced as part of the synthesis of carotene (E160a)
162
Beet Red/Betanin/Betanidin
Colouring
Deep purplish-red colouring extracted from beetroot
163
Anthocyanins *
Colouring
Red, blue colouring extracted from grape-skin extract and/or red cabbage by means of water, methanol or ethanol
170
Calcium Carbonate/Chalk (C.I. 77220) *
Inorganic colouring
May be extracted from naturally occurring white mineral or animal bones
171
Titanium Dioxide (C.I. 77891)
Inorganic colouring
White colouring prepared from naturally occurring mineral ilmenite
172
Iron Oxides/Red: 77491/Black: 77499 (Yellow: C.I. 77492)
Inorganic colouring
Yellow, red, orange, brown and black colouring from naturally occurring pigments or iron
173
Aluminium (C.I. 77000)
Inorganic colouring
Naturally occurring metallic colour from bauxite
174
Silver (C.I. 77820)
Inorganic colouring
Metallic colour from naturally occurring metal
175
Gold (C.I. 77480)
Inorganic colouring
Metallic colour from naturally occurring metal
180
Pigment Rubine/Lithol Rubine BK (C.I. 15850)
Inorganic colouring
Synthetic red colouring
200
Sorbic Acid
Preservative
Naturally occurring in some fruits. May be synthetically manufactured from ketene
201
Sodium Sorbate
Preservative
Manufactured by neutralisation of sorbic acid (E200)
202
Potassium Sorbate
Preservative
Manufactured by neutralisation of sorbic acid (E200)
203
Calcium Sorbate
Preservative
Manufactured by neutralisation of sorbic acid (E200)
210
Benzoic Acid
Preservative
Naturally occurring in many edible berries, fruits and vegetables. May also be synthetically produced
211
Sodium Benzoate
Preservative
Sodium salt of benzoic acid (E210)
212
Potassium Benzoate
Preservative
Potassium salt of benzoic acid (E210)
213
Calcium Benzoate
Preservative
Calcium salt of benzoic acid (E210)
214
Ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate/Ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate
Preservative
Manufactured from benzoic acid (E210)
215
Ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, Sodium Salt/Sodium ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate
Preservative
Manufactured from benzoic acid (E210)
216
Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate/Propylparaben
Preservative
Manufactured from benzoic acid (E210)
217
Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, Sodium Salt
Preservative
Manufactured from benzoic acid (E210)
218
Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate/Methylparaben
Preservative
Manufactured from benzoic acid (E210)
219
Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, Sodium Salt
Preservative
Manufactured from benzoic acid (E210)
220
Sulphur Dioxide
Preservative
Manufactured chemically by the combustion of sulphur or gypsum
221
Sodium Sulphite
Preservative
Sodium salt of sulphurous acid
222
Sodium Hydrogen Sulphite/Sodium Bisulphite
Preservative
Sodium salt of sulphurous acid
223
Sodium Metabisulphite
Preservative
Sodium salt of sulphurous acid
224
Potassium Metabisulphite/Potassium Pyrosulphite
Preservative
Potassium salt of sulphurous acid
225
Potassium Sulphite
Preservative
Potassium salt of sulphurous acid
226
Calcium Sulphite
Preservative
Calcium salt of sulphurous acid
227
Calcium Hydrogen Sulphite/Calcium Bisulphite
Preservative
Calcium salt of sulphurous acid
230
Biphenyl/Diphenyl
Preservative
Synthetically produced by action of heat on benzene
231
2-Hydroxybiphenyl
Preservative
Manufactured from phenyl ether or dibenzofuran
232
Sodium Biphenyl-2-yl-oxide
Preservative
Synthetically produced
233
2-(Thiazol-4-yl) Benzimidazole
Preservative
Chemically synthesised
234
Nisin *
Preservative
Produced by the growth of a bacterium called Streptococcus lactis.
235
Natamycin/Pimaricin *
Preservative
Produced by the growth of a bacterium called Strepmyces natalensis
236
Formic Acid
Preservative
Produced commercially by heating carbon monoxide and sodium hydroxide under pressure and decomposing the resulting sodium formate with sulphuric acid
237
Sodium Formate
Preservative
Sodium salt of formic acid (E236)
238
Calcium Formate
Preservative
Calcium salt of formic acid (E236)
239
Hexamine
Preservative
Manufactured from formaldehdye and ammonia
249
Potassium Nitrite
Preservative
Potassium salt of nitrous acid
250
Sodium Nitrite
Preservative
Manufactured from sodium nitrate by bacterial or chemical actions
251
Sodium Nitrate
Preservative
Naturally occurring mineral
252
Potassium Nitrate/Saltpetre *
Preservative
Naturally occurring mineral. May also be artificially produced from vegetable material and waste animal
260
Acetic Acid *
Food Acid
Commercially manufactured by the action of methanol and carbon monoxide. The acetic acid in vinegar may be produced by the action of bacterium Acetobacter on alcohol
261
Potassium Acetate
Food Acid
Potassium salt of acetic acid (E260)
262
Sodium Acetate
Food Acid
Sodium salt of acetic acid (E260)
263
Calcium Acetate
Food Acid
Calcium salt of acetic acid (E260)
264
Ammonium Acetate
Food Acid
Ammonium salt of acetic acid (E260)
270
Lactic Acid *
Food Acid
Commercially produced by heat treatment of carbohydrate, such as whey, and fermented by bacteria such as Bacillus acidilacti, Lactobacillus delbueckii or L. bulgaricus
280
Propionic Acid *
Preservative
May be commercially derived from natural gas or from wood pulp waste liquor by the fermentation activity of Propionibacteria
281
Sodium Propionate *
Preservative
Sodium salt of propionic acid (E280)
282
Calcium Propionate *
Preservative
Calcium salt of propionic acid (E280)
283
Potassium Propionate *
Preservative
Potassium salt of propionic acid (E280)
290
Carbon Dioxide
Propellant
Naturally occuring. May also be produced by way of fermentation or acid-carbonate reaction
Miscellaneous
Commercially produced from propylene, or by heating glycerol with sodium hydroxide, or by reacting propylene oxide with water
Halal or Haram - find the source
Syubhah/Doubtful (either by way of its source or manufacturing process)
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