Chemical Name
Description
Remarks
400
Alginic Acid
Vegetable Gum
Extracted from brown seaweeds such as the species of Laminaria, Macrocystis and Ascophyllum
401
Sodium Alginate
Vegetable Gum
Sodium salt of alginic acid (E400)
402
Potassium Alginate
Vegetable Gum
Potassium salt of alginic acid (E400)
403
Ammonium Alginate
Vegetable Gum
Ammonium salt of alginic acid (E400)
404
Calcium Alginate
Vegetable Gum
Calcium salt of alginic acid (E400)
405
Propane-1,2-Diol Alginate/Propylene Glycol Alginate/Alginate Ester
Vegetable Gum
Propylene glycol ester of alginic acid (E400)
406
Agar/Agar-Agar/Japanese Isinglass
Vegetable Gum
Extracted from red seaweeds such as the Gelidium amansii. May also be taken from members of the related red algae Rhodophyceae
407
Carrageenan/Irish Moss
Vegetable Gum
Occurs naturally in red seaweeds belonging to the Gigartinaceae, Solieriaceae, Hypnaceae and Furcellariaceae families
410
Locust Bean Gum/Carob Bean Gum
Vegetable Gum
Taken from the Locust or Carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua), which is an evergreen tree belonging to the Leguminoseae or pea family
412
Guar Gum
Vegetable Gum
Extracted from the seeds of Cyamopsis tetragonolobus, or C. psoraloides, a member of the pea family
413
Tragacanth/Gum Tragacanth
Vegetable Gum
Extracted from the trunk and branches of Astragalus gummifier and other species of the pea family
414
Acacia/Gum Arabic
Vegetable Gum
Occurs naturally in the stems and branches of Acacia senegal and members of the pea family
415
Xanthan Gum/Corn Sugar Gum *
Vegetable Gum
Produced by the fermentation of carbohydrate using a bacterium known as Xanthomonas campestris
416
Karaya Gum/Sterculia Gum
Vegetable Gum
Occurs naturally in the trunk and stem of the tree Sterculia urens
420
Sorbitol/Sorbitol Syrup *
Humectant
Commercially produced from glucose by hydrogenation or electrolytic reduction
421
Mannitol/Manna Sugar
Humectant
Prepared from seaweed or manna, the dried exudate of Fraxinus ornus. May be commercially prepared by the hydrogenation of invert sugar, monosaccharides and sucrose
422
Glycerol/Glycerin *
Humectant
Industrial by-product in the manufacture of soaps, candles and fatty acids from oils and fats. May also be synthesised from propylene or by the fermentation of sugars
430
Polyoxyethylene (8) Stearate *
Emulsifier
Synthesised using stearic acid (E570)
431
Polyoxyethylene (40) Stearate *
Emulsifier
Synthesised using stearic acid (E570)
432
Polyoxyethylene (20) Sorbitan Monolaurate/Polysorbate 20/Tween 20 *
Emulsifier
Lauric ester of sorbitol and sorbitol anhydride
433
Polyoxyethylene (20) Sorbitan Mono-Oleate/Polysorbate 80/Tween 80 *
Emulsifier
Oleic ester of sorbitol and sorbitol anhydride
434
Polyoxyethylene (20) Sorbitan Monopalmitate/Polysorbate 40/Tween 40 *
Emulsifier
Palmitate ester of sorbitol and sorbitol anhydride
435
Polyoxyethylene (20) Sorbitan Monostearate/Polysorbate 60/Tween 60 *
Emulsifier
Stearic acid ester of sorbitol and sorbitol anhydride
436
Polyoxyethylene (20) Sorbitan Tristearate/Polysorbate 65/Tween 65 *
Emulsifier
Stearic acid ester of sorbitol and sorbitol anhydride
440a
Pectin
Stabiliser/ Thickening Agent
Apple residues and orange pith are commercial sources of pectin
440b
Amidated Pectin
Emulsifier/ Stabiliser
Derived from the treatment of pectin (E440a) with ammonia
441
Gelatine *
Emulsifier/ Stabiliser
Obtained by boiling animal skin (usually cattle or pig's), ligaments, bones, or any tissue that contains collagen
442
Ammonium Phosphatides/Emulsifier YN
Emulsifier/ Stabiliser
Prepared synthetically
450
Sodium and Potassium Metaphosphates, Polyphosphates and Pyrophosphates
Mineral Salt
Sodium and potassium salt of phosphoric acid (E338)
460
Microcrystalline Cellulose/Powdered Cellulose
Anticaking Agent
Prepared from the cellulose component of plant cell wall
461
Methylcellulose/Cologel/Methocel
Vegetable Gum
Prepared from plant cellulose
463
Hydroxypropylcellulose
Vegetable Gum
Prepared from plant cellulose
464
Hydroxypropyl-Methylcellulose
Vegetable Gum
Prepared from plant cellulose
465
Ethylmethylcellulose
Vegetable Gum
Prepared from plant cellulose
466
Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose/CMC
Vegetable Gum
Prepared from plant cellulose
469
Sodium Caseinate
Emulsifier/ Stabiliser
Derived from the protein of cow's milk
470
Sodium, Potassium and Calcium Salts of Fatty Acids *
Emulsifier/ Stabiliser
Prepared from fatty acids
471
Mono-and Diglycerides of Fatty Acids *
Emulsifier/ Stabiliser
Commercially prepared from glycerin (E422) and fatty acids
472
Various Esters of Glycerol *
Emulsifier/ Stabiliser
Prepared from esters of glycerol and fatty acids
473
Sucrose Esters of Fatty Acids *
Emulsifier/ Stabiliser
Prepared from esters of glycerol and sucrose
474
Sucroglycerides *
Emulsifier/ Stabiliser
Prepared by the action of sucrose on natural triglycerides (from lard, tallow, palm oil, etc)
475
Polyglycerol Esters of Fatty Acids *
Emulsifier/ Stabiliser
Prepared in the laboratory
476
Polyglycerol Esters of Polycendensed Fatty Acids of Castor Oil/Polyglycerol Polyricinoleate *
Emulsifier/ Stabiliser
Prepared from castor oil and glycerol esters
477
Propane-1,2-Diol Esters of Fatty Acids *
Emulsifier/ Stabiliser
Prepared from propylene glycol
481
Sodium Stearoyl-2-Lactylate *
Emulsifier/ Stabiliser
Prepared from lactic acid (E270)
482
Calcium Stearoyl-2-Lactylate *
Emulsifier/ Stabiliser
Prepared from lactic acid (E270)
483
Stearyl Tartrate *
Emulsifier/ Stabiliser
Prepared from tartaric acid (E334)
491
Sorbitan Monostearate *
Emulsifier/ Stabiliser
Prepared synthetically from stearic acid (E570) and sorbitol (E420)
492
Sorbitan Tristearate/Span 65 *
Emulsifier/ Stabiliser
Prepared synthetically from stearic acid (E570) and sorbitol (E420)
493
Sorbitan Monolaurate/Span 20 *
Emulsifier/ Stabiliser
Prepared synthetically from sorbitol (E420) and lauric acid
494
Sorbitan Monooleate/Span 80 *
Emulsifier/ Stabiliser
Prepared synthetically from sorbitol (E420) and oleic acid
495
Sorbitan Monopalmitate/Span 40 *
Emulsifier/ Stabiliser
Prepared synthetically from sorbitol (E420) and palmitic acid
Miscellaneous
Commercially produced from propylene, or by heating glycerol with sodium hydroxide, or by reacting propylene oxide with water
Halal or Haram - find the source
Syubhah/Doubtful (either by way of its source or manufacturing process)
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